The National Transport University Bulletin

Abstract

In the article, an analysis of the dynamic control systems of a semi-trailer trolley and control of the turning axles of a semi-trailer trolley were carried out. The object of the research is the dynamic control systems of the wheels (axles) of a semi-trailer trolley. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the maneuverability of road trains under different laws and methods of controlling a semi-trailer truck using a dynamic way of turning the wheels of a semi-trailer trolley. Research methods are analytical and comparative. Today, the state of development of rolling stock of road transport is characterized by various types and types of cars, trailers and semi-trailers. For the transportation of large consignments of cargo, it is advisable to use road trains of various layout schemes. Along with the most common two-axle cars with front steered wheels, new designs with other layouts and steering control systems are increasingly being developed: cars and road trains with all steered wheels, multi-axle cars with different numbers and positions of steered wheels, cars with non-rotating wheels, articulated wheels machines etc. The large overall dimensions of the road train lead to a significant increase in its overall traffic lane and significantly complicate its management. If a road train has controlled links, the difficulties arise in the fact that the study of the movement of such a motor vehicle is significantly complicated due to the need to take into account the influence of a large number of factors on the nature of their movement. The interaction of neighboring links during the movement of the road train eventually spreads to the entire vehicle and causes certain deviations of the components of the road train from the direction of movement set by the leading link (tractor). Taking into account that the road train is a means of increased danger, first of all, steps should be taken in the direction of research into the maneuverability of road trains, the results of which will be the basis for solving many technical issues. The greatest efficiency of transportation will be achieved when the maximum permissible length of the road train and its maximum carrying capacity will be fully used. The use of road trains with controlled trailer links complicates the process of driving a road train. The interaction of the links of the road train affects the entire vehicle and causes certain deviations of its components from the direction of movement set by the leading link (truck). The dynamic method of control is based on the use of tire elasticity, which allows you to create machines with non-rotating wheels and different degrees of rotation. This method is typical of a semi-trailer trolley. The stability of the movement of the road train during braking, along with the effectiveness of the braking system, is quite important. With the normal movement of the road train and its correct braking, when braking forces are created on all wheels corresponding to the coupling mass that falls on them, without bringing the wheels to complete blocking, the movement is quite stable. Violation of the stability of the road train is usually associated with the onset of skidding of one of the axles of the car or trailer, the most common cause of which is the blocking of the braking wheels. The main consequences of a disturbance of stability in the case of applying a temporarily acting disturbing lateral force applied to one or another axle of the road train is the skidding of this axle. If the oscillations have a fading character, the movement of the road train continues normally. If the fluctuations in the process of movement increase, the movement of the road train becomes unstable. With proper braking, the road train moves steadily both when braking on a straight line and when turning. The conducted research established that the use of wheel braking on one side of the truck to correct the trajectory of the semi-trailer trolley is effective at low speeds, at which both high maneuverability indicators are ensured and stability indicators are not violated, however, the obtained patterns require experimental verification.

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