The National Transport University Bulletin

Abstract

The article presents a methodology for justifying the choice of rolling stock for urban wheeled passenger transport based on minimizing the cost of operating rolling stock for operation on a certain route and the results of calculations. The object of study is the process of passenger transportation in cities by wheeled vehicles of various types and sizes. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for justifying the feasibility of using a bus, trolleybus or electric bus based on minimizing operating costs on a specific city route with partial autonomous driving. Research methods – mathematical modeling of operating costs tformation for buses and trolleybuses with different types of power plants when used on routes with partial absence of catenary where it is necessary to use autonomous driving (AD). The existing passenger wheeled vehicles are reviewed and their classification by passenger capacity is proposed. The composition of operating costs for urban transportation is analyzed and those that have the greatest impact on the cost of transportation are identified. These are the cost of rolling stock and its components, energy, labor, labor intensity of maintenance, energy consumption, and passenger capacity of vehicles. A database of source data for calculations was formed. Methods and programs for calculating specific operating costs per 1 km and per 1 passenger-kilometer for a route have been developed, taking into account the need for autonomous driving and total direct transportation costs for a particular route. The analysis shows that there is a significant volatility in the values of operating components costs and the selection should be made for a specific time and place. In terms of direct transportation costs, the current cost of using a vehicle on a route from lower to higher is as follows: MAZ gas bus, trolleybus, MAZ diesel bus, ‘Ataman’ bus, electric bus, trolleybus with battery for AD, trolleybus with diesel generator set for AD. This arrangement is caused by the significantly higher cost of vehicles with autonomous driving and the fact that the passenger capacity of trolleybuses with AD and electric buses of the same size as buses is 10-15% lower. According to the cost of energy consumed on the route, the vehicles are ranked as follows: conventional trolleybus, trolleybus with battery for AD, electric bus, MAZ gas bus, ‘Ataman bus’, MAZ 19 diesel bus, trolleybus with diesel engine for AD. This arrangement is caused by the predominant influence of energy cost: electricity and gas are cheaper than diesel fuel. It is shown that the cost of PTS-T12 trolleybus with AD operation, taking into account depreciation and other costs in the range of about 25-30 % of AD, is lower than that of the MAZ 203 diesel bus but somewhat higher than that of MAZ gas bus and Bogdan E701 electric bus

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